Assessment of causes and consequencies of violation of child rights of primary school pupils in kebbi state Nigeria: management intervention strategies

This study assessed the causes and consequences of violation of child rights of pupils in primary school in KebbiState. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. Head masters and Primary School Teachers and Pupils in five education zones of Kebbi state in North Western Nigeria participated in the study. Primary school pupils who are central to this study were sampled because of their experience as victims of violation of child rights. To this end 500 participants made up of 50 out of 230 schools were Head masters deliberately selected 200 primary school teachers out of 1670 and 250 pupils out of 26800 were selected by stratification, cluster and simple random sampling technism for the study. The participants cut across urban and rural schools, private and public schools. An equal number of 10 schools were purposely selected from each of the five Education Zones to get 50 schools out of 230 schools self-designed structured questionnaire titled “Causes and Consequences of Child’s Right Violation Questionnaire” (CCCRVQ) was used for data collection. The instrument had three sections that captured the causes, consequence and management intervention strategies to be applied to uphold child right. Internal consistency of items was analysed using Crombach alpha coefficient which yield 0.78. A total of 250 copies of the instrument were administered to participants on the sport collection of completed questionnaire was used to obtain 100% return rate. The items were scored on four point Likert scale. Weighed means were used and a cut off mean of 2.50 and above was used for acceptance while mean below 2.50 indicated rejection. A Grand Mean was also calculated for overall accept are or rejection. Interview format was developed from the items on the questionnaire to elicit pupils responses. The pupils were interviewed by trained research assistants with the help of guidance counselors in each school. Findings of the study show that child right violation is caused by social economic, political and cultural factors. Violation of child right have negative consequence both on the individual and society at large. School managements must apply various intervention strategies to promptly address violation of child right in their domains.