The emergence of the closed 9-stepped cycle of proton conductance through electrophile - nucleophile interactions during biological evolution

The Ambaga Closed 9-Stepped Cycle of Proton Conductance is one of the most fundamental systems that emerged during biological evolution, and its formation was driven by the force of electrophile - nucleophile interactions. This is supported by the following scientific foundations: Origin of Life and the Role of Electrophile - Nucleophile Forces After the Big Bang, protons (H⁺) and electrons (e⁻) became the essential energy carriers of the universe. These charged particles established electrophilic (electron-accepting) and nucleophilic (electron-donating) forces as the fundamental chemical drivers in biological environments. 2. Release of Hydrogen Atoms from Food Molecules Initiates Proton Flow. During the first step of catabolism, hydrogen atoms are cleaved from food molecules (glucose, lipids, amino acids), generating electrons (e⁻) and protons (H⁺). This process is governed by electrophile–nucleophile reactions, where electron-accepting cofactors (e.g., NAD⁺, FAD) act as electrophiles, and enzyme functional groups act as nucleophiles. 3. Each Step in the Proton Conductance Cycle Involves Electrophile - Nucleophile Interactions