Original Paper: Chemical “Spot Test” Of Urinary Calculi In Bihar

Aim: Anthropologic history provides evidence that urinary calculi existed since time immemorial. Accurate knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the urinary calculi is vital for understanding calculogenesis and development of prophylactic measures. Method: Chemical “Spot test” is the common and practical test for chemical analysis of urinary stone done by Winer and Mattice Urinary stones are multicomponent system and identification of the constituents in urinary Calculi may enable the investigator to accurately characterize the ionic conditions prevailing at the time of nucleation and growth. Result: Winer and Mattice “Spot testing” have proven to be simplified and reliable & cheap method of analysis of urinary calculi with only 2% error in detection of components of calculi. On Moh’s Scale of hardness (2-5) 93.33% stones were present. 46.67% calculi were pure and 53.33% were mixed in nature. In pure variety oxalates were 30% and phosphates 13.33%. In mixed calculi the most common combination was oxalate+phosphate+urates constituting 20%. Conclusion: Chemical “Spot test” is accurate in detecting the components of urinary calculi. Spot test is simple, reliable and cheap method of chemical analysis of urinary calculi. For the practitioners without access to large analytic laboratories, the most useful, relatively simple and cheap method is chemical Spot test to formulate a therapeutic plan that will be useful in preventing future stone diseases and recurrences. Knowledge of the percentage composition of urinary calculi contributes to the ability to predict the most probable cause of that calculus.