Prevalence of ketoacidosis among diabetic children visiting king abdullah specialized children's hospital emergency room

Background: Diabetic keto acidosis (DKA) is one of the complicated stages caused by hyperglycemia and low/no levels of insulin in blood. DKA is more common in children with diabetic type 1 more than adult. Since there is lack of data, the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of DKA among diabetic children visiting KASCH emergency room. Aim of the Study: Our study aiming to measure the frequency diabetic ketoacidosis among children Methodology: This retrospective quantitative case control chart review study was conducted among 182 children diagnosed with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. Biochemical data of the study population was collected from best care database of KASCH. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, Mann Whitney U test, Spearman’s rank correlation were used for the analysis of data. The study was approved by IRB of KAIMRC. Results: The study indicated that type 1 diabetes is more prevalent among females then males. Among the subjects 61.5% were with DKA. It was observed that there was no significant difference between plasma glucose levels of those subjects with DKA and without DKA as indicated by Mann Whitney U test. Significant negative correlation was observed between glucose level and Pco2 and pH. Significant correlations were observed between serum electrolytes and ABG values. There is significant difference in the Ca levels of subjects with DKA and without DKA. Conclusion: DKA can effect of homeostasis of the subjects by altering the ABG parameters and electrolytes which can have long term implications in the health of the subjects.