Prostate cancer and the microenvironment: the adaptation process

The microenvironment of prostate cancer (PC) is considered to be the headquarters for all PC progression. The presence of the followed characteristics metastasis, drug resistance, and further functions to empower PC to adapt easily and conquer the remote organs. It is known that PCutilize their surrounding conditions to progress, but the path taken through those microenvironments to harness the surrounded cells is still unclear. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to outline three crucial tasks. Firstly, to speculate the important points that directly or indirectly influence the understanding of the PC metastasis mechanisms. Secondly, to demonstrate how animal models could influence the profiling of PC. And, thirdly, to display the limited effects of the current treatments. Furthermore, to design a personnel drugs against PC, it is important to involve animal models that could spontaneously develop PC, and share similar implications in terms of the development of this disease as it presents in men. We concluded that PC can efficiently use all molecular pathways of the body for his avail. The emotional and psychological effects could even be a crucial factor that helps PC to progress or to be treated. Besides, it is necessary to take into consideration all emotional and genetic factors of each patient to design an adaptive and adjustable treatment that fits with the profile of the individual patient.