January 2023

Les sites forestiers sous la pression humaine se retrouvent confinés sur des sols non cultivables sous forme d’îlots forestiers et sur des domaines protégés et classés. Dans le souci d’un développement durable et pour des services écosystémiques profitables à la population, le suivi de l’environnement est nécessaire à l’aide des indicateurs biologiques d’anthropisation. Ainsi, des suivis écologiques ont été réalisés dans la zone de cultures, la zone de pâtures et dans la forêt classée de la Mou de 2020 à 2022. Ces suivis écologiques ont consisté à faire des inventaires floristiques et entomologiques en début et la fin des saisons des pluies durant deux années consécutives dans la commune rurale de Koumbia dans le bassin cotonnier de l’Ouest du Burkina Faso. La richesse spécifique de la flore et de l’entomofaune était croissante de la zone de culture vers la forêt classée. Aussi, des espèces se sont distinguées comme étant des bioindicateurs des zones de pâtures et des reliques des formations naturelles, qui subsistent à l’intérieur de la forêt. Pachnoda cordata cordata (Drury,1773) et Pachnoda marginata marginata (Drury, 1773), des espèces de Cetoniinae ont eu des densités significatives dans la zone de pâtures (p <0,05) tandis que des espèces de Nymphalidae Charaxes epijasiu sepijasius (Reiche, 1850)et Charaxes viola viola (Butler, 1866) ont eu des densités significativement élevées dans la forêt classée. Il ressort que la forêt classée joue le rôle de refuge pour des espèces à écologie fragile comme Chlorocala guerini (Janson, 1888) et Stephanorrhina guttata guttata (Olivier, 1789) qui sont des espèces de cétoines. Ces résultats encouragent la conservation et la préservation des îlots de formations végétales naturelles pour qu’elles soient des zones de refuge et de transition de la biodiversité des insectes.

Background: Tracheomalacia is a structural deficit of the tracheal cartilages inducing excessive collapsibility of the trachea. Origin: Acquired conditions more common in adults. Case report: A report of a 23year old lady who presented with a benign, simple small sized goiter of 9 months duration scheduled for thyroidectomy. She had no retrosternal extension, pressure symptoms or features of respiratory insufficiency. Patient had thin, fragile depigmented (bleached) skin with discolouration. She had extensive skin striae (stretch marks) on the trunk, abdomen and pelvic region despite having s slim stature. She had been using a potent skin whitening cream containing two potent topical steroids for about 3 years. Prior to surgery, patient had intravenous exogenous dexamethasone to prevent the potential risk of the suppression of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis with a subsequent inappropriate response to surgery. Intra-operatively the lead surgeons had called the teams’ attention to the abnormal anatomy of the patients’ trachea. The lumen of the trachea appeared narrowed as evidenced by the reduced anterior-posterior airway caliber with associated loss of the semicircular shape of the tracheal rings and bulging of the posterior membranous wall. The diagnosis of tracheomalacia was made and an emergency tracheostomy was performed. The endotracheal tube was extubated after proper suctioning. Surgery was concluded and patient was transferred to the high dependency unit for close monitoring. The serum cortisol and urinary cortisol levels were elevated (28mcg/dl and 55mcg/day respectively). This report highlights the unusual presentation of this patient and emphasizes the place of interprofessional team work required in her management. Conclusion: Tracheomalacia is a life threatening condition that is mostly of acquired origin in adults. Chronic use of topical steroids has been associated with systemic complications such as atrophy, and weakening of airway cartilages but these effects has been sparsely discussed or documented in literatures particularly relating to anaesthesia. This report presents an unusual presentation of suspected tracheomalacia secondary to chronic use of topical steroids.

Context: Corneal ulcer is one of the major causes of ocular morbidity in developing countries and fungi are the main etiological agents of corneal ulceration in India. Risk factors for fungal keratitis are male gender, history of ocular trauma, chronic use of corticosteroids and systemic diseases, that impair the host immunity Aims: To determine microbiological profile of fungal keratitis2 .To determine the epidemiological profile of fungal keratitis. Settings and Design: Descriptive – cross sectional study. Methods and Material: A retrospective study was done for the period of six months. Corneal scrapings taken from the clinically diagnosed cases of fungal keratitis and processed by direct microscopic methods and standard culture techniques Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis was done by using MS Excel sheet. Descriptive statistics like percentage calculation was done in the study. Results: Among the 23 fungal keratitis positive cases, males outnumbered females. The maximum number of positive cases were seen in the age group of 31-40 years, followed by the age group of 51-60 years. The most common cause of fungal keratitis was found out to be Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium (31.25 % each), followed by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus calidoustus (17.39 % each), and Acremonium (8.69 % ), Curvularia, Rhizomucor, Aspergillus niger (4.34% each). Aspergillus species were found to be isolated from 43.4% of cases of keratomycosis. Amongst the fungal keratitis cases, 91.3% cases were positive for fungal growth on culture and 8..6% cases were positive for the presence of fungal elements on direct microscopy. Conclusions: Lack of early diagnosis and treatment lead to the onset of complications, which may compromise the patient's vision and thereby the quality of life.

This article aims to develop the teaching-learning methodology for solving problems related to the Theory of Divisibility at the Higher Education in Cabinda. The study involved three Institutes, namely of Educational Sciences, Polytechnic Institute and Lusíadas Polytechnic Institute. This research arises as our experience as Mathematics teacher and the result of observation in the pedagogical practice of teachers, which contradicts the recommendations expressed in official documents of the Angolan Ministry of Education and Higher Education. Based on Polya's theory of solving problems, were elaborated a methodological proposal for teaching how to solve problems related to the Divisibility Theory in an investigative perspective. A questionnaire was applied in the classrooms, with students aged between eighteen and over twenty-six years old who were not used to working with problems related to the Theory of Divisibility. We chose to work with a quali-quantitative research methodology to understand how students relate to problems and identify the strategies used to solve them in their daily lives.

Chayote belongs o the Family- Cucurbitácea, Subfamily- Sicyoideae, Genus- Sechium and species edule. Chayote has ten botanical varieties viz., 1) Sechium edule var. albus minor, 2) Sechium edule var. albus dulcis, 3) Sechium edule var. albus levis, 4) Sechium edule var. nigrum minor, 5) Sechium edule var. nigrum conus, 6) Sechium edule var. nigrum levis, 7) Sechium edule var. nigrum xalapensis, 8) Sechium edule var. nigrum spinosum, 9) Sechium edule var. nigrum maxima, and 10) Sechium edule var. virens levis. Chayote is known by different name in Indian regional languages such as Seema vankaya or Bengaluru vankaaya (in Telugu), Chocho or Chow Chow or Bengaluru katharikkai (in Tamil), Seeme badane, chow-chow (in Kannada). Putative wild populations of S. edule and related wild species are found in Central America, and therefore this region is most likely the centre of origin of chayote. Chayote was already a common cultivated vegetable among the Aztecs in pre-Columbian times. Chayote (Sechium edule) is cultivated throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world and utilized in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries because it is an excellent source of minerals, dietary fibers, protein, vitamins, carotenoids, polysaccharides, phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and other nutrients. In this review article origin, distribution, taxonomy (classification, species, wild types, synonyms, botanical varieties), botanical description, flower biology and pollinators, growth and development, genetic diversity, genetic resources, breeding (inter-specific and infra-specific hybridization, commercial varieties), production and international trade, uses, nutrititional value, halth benefits, and cultivation of chayote are discussed.

Conventional chemotherapy against diseases develops multiple drug resistance and adverse side effects owing to inadequate drug therapeutic index, non-selective toxicity, insolubility and low bioavailability of drugs. In this context, metallic nanomaterials have emerged as potent effective delivery system against infectious diseases due to their nano, controllable sizes utilized as high surface area, enhanced reactivity and easy functionalizable structures. Aluminium nanomaterials (AlNMs) such as aluminium (Al0) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) due to their capability of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and surface-charge interactions with cells, are able to create oxidative bursts-oriented stress followed by damages to DNA, protein changes and lipid peroxidation resulting in adhesive infectious and microbial cellular deaths. This review is mainly focused on synthesis, drug loading, functionalization, mechanism of action, biomedical application, toxicity, biodistribution and elimination of aluminium nanomaterials as delivery system against different diseases.

Bowen's disease is an in situ squamous cell carcinoma. The condition affects the skin and mucous membranes and carries a risk of transformation into invasive squamous cell carcinoma after several months or years of development. The risk factors for the development of Bowen's disease are sun exposure, exposure to ionizing radiation, immunosuppression, chronic dermatoses, papillomavirus and arsenic. We report a case of Bowen's disease occurring on a surgical drain scar, which underlines the importance of monitoring any delayed healing after removal of a surgical drain.

A field trial was conducted in 1995-96 at AAU, ICR farm to know the effect of irrigation management practices on wheat crop. It is important for cereal crop like wheat that longevity of leaves is important and retention of a large leaf surface area; which can carry on photosynthesis till the completion of maturity of a plant. NAR become higher during vegetative phase to flowering and declines rapidly as growth progressed in wheat crop. Two irrigations @6cm depth at CRI and Flowering stages were found to be the optimum in Assam under both the land situations

This study aims to examine the impact of project management on entertainment sector in Saudi Arabia and how project management contributed in developing of entertainment sector. in addition to being the first study specialized in the correlation between project management and entertainment sector. This study based on qualitative method which collecting the official data like statistics, surveys, and reports and any published articles related to the topic. The results were investigated shows a significant impact for project management on entertainment sector in Saudi Arabia and there is a huge development by comparing with the last decades, project management contributed in organizing and executing the projects and increase its efficiency and effectivity in addition to mitigating the risks and reduce the costs. In general, project management is essential for managing risks, enhancing communication and collaboration, and making sure that activities are finished on schedule and within budget. In the end, this contributes to the success and expansion of Saudi Arabia's entertainment industry.

A unique culture can only come into being in a setting that is truly independent. Since cultural uniqueness arises within the structure of nation-states that bear the hallmark of complete autonomy, that takes us to the foundations of the political economy of the construction of uniqueness. The entire population of a given country is the collective sculptor of a sculpture. Every country has its own Higher Persona, and the singularization of that Higher Persona is brought about through the uniqueness of the activities of the people inhabiting that country. At the same time, the Higher Persona is not fixed but rather is in a state of constant flux, altering form across the ages like a sculpture that changes shape, becoming beautiful at times and unattractive or indistinct at others. If a country is adept at hewing that sculpture, which is a reflection of the Higher Persona, the cultural mass will increase and create a more intensive gravitational pull by warping the cultural grounds yet further. A country that increases its cultural mass will pull towards itself countries that have not been able to achieve an equivalent amount of cultural mass. Within that context, in order for a country like Turkey to construct a unique culture and increase its cultural mass, thereby more clearly defining its Higher Persona, it must be fully independent in a political-economic sense. The construction of the nation-state and national character is analogous with the construction of national uniqueness. In a way, the identity of a country is represented by stones in architecture and images in cinema.

Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint (DRUJ) instabilities with or without associated conditions (such as mal- united distal radius fracture) is a common diagnosis in the field of orthopedics. However, few of these cases were referred to occupational therapy unit for post-surgical hand rehabilitation. The main reason for this is unknown but probably because of the scanty evidence to show the impact of various occupational therapy treatment modalities in treating DRUJ instability. As a result, this study intend to report the efficacy of combined occupational therapy (OT) intervention modalities in DRUJ instability by presenting Mr J, a known case of left DRUJ instability (with left mal-united distal radius fractured). He was admitted for k-wire removal after six weeks of K- wire fixation and referred to occupational therapy unit for hand rehabilitation. Having established the problems to be addressed through standardized and non-standardized OT assessments, different OT modalities which address each problems were used in the treatment process. Post treatment assessment during discharge shows a significant improvement despite the short hospital admission period. Therefore the outcome of this case study shows that, using combined OT modalities in DRUJ instability management do have greater impact on patient with DRUJ instabilities with mal-united distal radius fracture.

Considering the, (i) high population and spatial growth of the Abomey-Calavi city (Benin), (ii) qualitative and quantitative increase of the household solid waste in the town of Abomey - Calavi, (iii) a more and more generalized practice of embankment of wet zones by household solid waste (HSW), (iv) non-existence of municipal landfills and, (v) fragility of the groundwater due to its weak depth, it’s necessary that appropriate actions are achieved with the aim of an effective and long-term management of the household solid waste. Objective: The aim of this study was to propose an effective and long-term plan of management of Abomey-Calavi HSW. Materials and methods: Knowledge of household-solid-waste quality and sociological point of view are the first step in an effective implementation of waste management spinneret. A sociological investigation was made with 200 persons, dealing on various levels with solid wastes in the Abomey-Calavi city. Results and Discussions: The management of HSW in Abomey - Calavi city, which can be termed pre-collection-based, is felt as bad by 80 % of HSW-careers and 50 % of the town council investigated employees. This study also proposes a management strategy for household-solid-waste for the city of Abomey-Calavi on three steps based on composting after sorting.

Background: Traumatic dental injuries frequently occur at school environment. However, teachers are not prepared to provide the adequate emergency management. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and attitudes of elementary school teachers about dental trauma and its management in Patiala district, Punjab. Methods: The questionnaire was sent to teachers in randomly selected primary schools in Patiala, Punjab. A total of 112 teachers responded (response rate 93%). The questionnaire surveyed teachers’ background, knowledge and management of tooth fracture, avulsion, and also investigated teachers’ attitudes and self-assessed knowledge. Results:The majority of the participants in the study were females 94.6%.32.1% had witnessed dental emergency in school premises.All the teachers (100%) agreed that dental trauma emergency management must become one of the educational priorities for the teachers. Mostteachers were unsatisfied with their level of knowledge for dental trauma and the majority were interested in having further education on the topic. Conclusions: The findings revealed that the level of knowledge of management of dental trauma (especially tooth avulsion) among school teachers in patiala is inadequate, and education campaigns are necessary to improve their emergency management of dental injuries.

Early Childhood Education (ECE) Occupations are highly demanding, and require solid physical/mental skills to meet demands required to educate young children and succeed professionally; teachers w/hyper-energetic skills are needed for keeping up with learning/growing children and fulfilling their needs. Research reveals this type of active input is lacking from many ECE teachers; studies show it’s due to illness including but not limited to obesity, lack-of-mobility, occupational disability, injury and sedentary habits. These impact teacher performance-ability/participation levels which directly impact teaching quality. Meanwhile the U.S. Obesity Epidemic rages on; the already high numbers continue to rise for teachers and students as young as 2. Evidence gathered by undercover “PhD Scientist/Doctor” working as “Teacher” suggest that negative health behaviors are being transferred/shared - and that a teacher’s health behaviors - positive or negative are either benefiting or impeding cognitive function and academic success in children. This influence is based on whether teachers share healthy habits or habits of unwellness in the classroom. This triangular link between obesity, a Teacher’s sedentary teaching style and degradation of a student’s educational experience suggests the Teacher’s “Health Status” influences “Performance-Ability.”

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance noted in routine clinical practice, which is defined by a blood sodium level below 135 mEq/l. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresisis the most common cause of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients. We in our article, review the physiology, pathophysiology, etiology, presentations, evaluation and treatment of SIAD.

Twin pregnancy consisting of one fetus and one complete mole (CMCF, complete hydatidiform mole and a coexistent fetus) is an obstetric rarity with an incidence of 1/22 000 to 1/100 000 pregnancies. Associated risks include prematurity, intrauterine death, vaginal bleeding, preeclampsia, hyperthyroidism, theca lutein cysts, uterine rupture and the development of malignant neoplasia in the form of a trophoblastic tumour (GTD, persistent gestational trophoblastic disease), which is thought to be the most common complication. We report the case of a 33-year-old patient with CMCF in the 30 week of pregnancy in labour pain without any ANC .She delivered preterm alive girl baby vaginally 1.5 hours after admission.

In an Autonomous System (AS), network devices communicate through interior gateway protocols. Because they have characteristics such as high throughput, flexibility, low overhead, scalability, easy configuration, and high bandwidth and CPU utilization, interior gateway protocols are among the routing protocols with the fastest growing usage in networking technologies. Despite the fact that convergence time is a critical issue in any of these routing protocols, The network's updated, comprehensive, and correct information is summarized during convergence time. Numerous studies have examined interior gateway protocols; however, only a small number of these studies have taken link failure into account while employing various network scenarios. This study makes a contribution in this field. (Graphical Network Simulator) GNS3 software simulates a ten-router setup to mimic a complex real-time enterprise-level network. Every protocol is put into practice using the intended topology. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The interior gateway protocols Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) are analyzed in a complex enterprise-level network using GNS3 version 2.2.34 software. Results: End-to-end delay, jitter, and convergence time for each protocol implemented in the planned topology are examined. Each node has authentication capabilities to guarantee secure data delivery. Finding the best practical interior gateway routing protocol for various traffic scenarios is the study's main goal. In this paper, results are shown. The EIGRP protocol is superior in terms of end-to-end delay and convergence time after the results are tallied. While OSPF is supposed to have lower jitter than other Interior Gateway Protocols, in terms of convergence time, IS-IS outperforms OSPF. The results indicate that RIP protocols had the worst delays and convergence times.

Projects especially public construction projects have a vital role for the economic development of a nation by transforming the living standard of the community. This study aimed to assess the causes and effects of public construction projects in Dessie town. To achieve the objective of the study 128 respondents approached from the clients, contractors and consultants of the ongoing projects of Dessie town. Questionnaires used to collect primary data from the target population. It has both a likert scale and open ended items. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive data analysis techniques along with the relative importance index. The index widely used in similar studies to measure the level of importance and occurrence of delay causes and effects. The findings of the study showed that the causes of delays emanated from clients, contractors, consultants and externals. Furthermore the main responsible stakeholder for delay of projects in Dessie town is clients. In addition the top ranked causes are delay of progress payment by clients, poor communication and coordination by contracting parties, slowness of the decision making process by owners and financial difficulties of stakeholders. Regarding to the effects of delay, time overrun cost overrun, total abandonment, dispute, litigation, poor project quality, negotiation and bad public relation are confirmed. Based on the findings, the study recommends clients the so called public agencies to revise their project management system, improve financial management system and need to ensure regular project monitoring and evaluation. In addition the study also recommends corrupted individuals should be identified and accountable legally.

Background: One of four vaccinations, the AstraZeneca vaccine, was given conditional approval to prevent COVID-19. It has been licensed and approved for use in more than 170 nations, and as of late November 2021, about 1 billion doses had been given worldwide. In order to produce the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which triggers an immune response, the vaccine uses a unique method that relies on a chimpanzee adenovirus vector (ChAdOx).This study aimed to estimate the changes in coagulation parameters among Sudanese vaccinated with the AstraZeneca vaccine. Materials and methods: This was a case-control study health facility base that was conducted in the vaccine center at the institute of public health which provides vaccine services. Participants who received the first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine were included in the study's population, along with participants who appeared to be in good health. Two groups of samples were taken before and after the immunization (the case group). Of them, 83.3% were men and 16.7% were women. Of those, 43.3% were under 30 and 56.7% were over 30.The lab work was carried out at the research lab of the Gharb El-Niel College in Khartoum. Results: Platelets, fibrinogen, and D.dimer showed extremely significant differences (p value 0.000) between pre- and post-vaccination in the case group.There were no appreciable differences between the pre-vaccine case group and the control group when comparing the means of the platelets count, PT, APTT, INR, fibrinogen level, and D-dimer (p value 0.05); however, when comparing the post-vaccine case group, there was a significant rise in D-dimer and a significant fall in fibrinogen level (p value 0.000). Additionally there were insignificant variations in different parameters between pre and post-vaccine groups according to gender. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine significantly increased the platelets count, PT, APTT, and D-dimer levels and significantly decreased the fibrinogen levels in the Sudanese persons.

Mucormycosis or black fungus is a non-septate filamentous fungal infection that causes potentially life-threatening conditions. This typical infection affects immunocompromised and diabetic patients most of the time and the symptoms of this deadly infectious condition depend on the site of origin, but generally facial structures (nose, sinuses, eye, and brain) are most involved. The major route of infection spread is via inhalation, which then involves the lungs and paranasal sinuses. The highest risk of fungal mucoromycetes infection is in those patients diagnosed and treated for COVID-19 with broad-spectrum antibiotics, non-invasive ventilation, and received corticosteroid therapies. Patients who had pre-existing diseases, such as asthma, diabetes mellitus, and chronic renal failure, and developed COVID-19 on top of it are particularly predisposed to contracting the mucormycotic infection. Any suspected case of mucormycosis requires rapid diagnosis and management due to its rapid progression as well as the destructive course of infection. This article reviews the taxonomy, risk factors, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and various treatment modalities of Mucormycosis.

The present study was carried out to analyze the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal of Yamuna water from Agra near Taj Mahal. Heavy metals persist as major pollutants in water bodies. Phytoremediation, the green technology is a cost effective and an in situ method for remediation of pollutants. Present study is an integrated approach towards efficient removal of physicochemical parameters and toxic heavy metals from polluted Yamuna water using Hydrilla verticillata with different treatment of EDTA and EGTA. Physicochemical parameters and heavy metals investigated in present study include pH, Electrical conductivity, TDS, Dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD, Pb, Zn, Ni. In this research three tubs were used as control (without amendments) and 9 tubs were used in triplicate for each treatment T1, T2, T3 on 30 days of experimental period. The accumulation of Pb was found more 9.28 ppm in roots copared to the stem and leaves of Hydrilla verticillata in T3. The accumulation of Zn and Ni were found 7.21 ppm and 6.3 ppm in roots on T3. Result shows that Hydrilla verticillata is a potential hyperaccumulator and suitable for Pb, Zn and Ni accumulation.

Background: As the future of our healthcare system is in the hands of the current medical students, we aimed in this study to deduce the prevalence and determinants of obesity among Al-Maarefa medical students. This is of importance due to society's perspective on medical students, as they are the future doctors. So, we would like to encourage the university to start an educational program. Objective:Our study aims to identify the prevalence and determinants of obesity among medical students at Al-Maarefa University, Saudi Arabia Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at Al- Maarefa University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. After obtaining permission from the college authority, self- administered, pre-coded, pre-tested questionnaires were distributed to 450 medical students. Results: The study included 402 medical students who completed the study questionnaire. in which 37.79% were in clinical years and 62.21% were in preclinical years; and the mean age was 22 years. Exactly 51% of participants were female and 49% were male. Conclusions: We found that 10.20% of participants were underweight,21.39% were overweight, and 13.2% were obese. The prevalence of obesity among students in clinical years was higher. Male students had higher prevalence of obesity compared to female students. Risk factors for obesity were age and a family history of the condition. Our study revealed high prevalence of obesity and overweight among medical students at Al-Maarefa university. This shed light on the need for educational programs to encourage a healthy lifestyle, healthy diet, and physical activities to avoid obesity and its related complications.

COVID-19 has affected the population worldwide drastically with a tremendous impact on obstetric population which has led to serious concerns regarding maternal and fetal outcomes. Although there are recommended guidelines regarding delivery and management of complications, due to changes in characteristics of COVID-19 infection, they are constantly changing and evolving. Methods: Prospective cohort study done during the covid pandemic from 1st April 2020 to 15th Feb 2022 in the department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SKIMS MCH Srinagar J&K.The parameters measured were severity of covid disease, maternal age, gestational age, parity, blood investigations, mode of delivery, APGAR score, neonatal infection status and post-delivery complications. Results: A total of 311 pregnant covid 19 positive patients were included in the study who were actively managed.239 (76.85%)were delivered by casearean section and 72(23.15%) by NVD. 92% patients had mild symptoms only,8% had severe symptoms with 1.6% rate of ICU admission and 1.2% mortality rate.83%delivered at term,17%had preterm deliveries.8% patients had pneumonitis with positive findings on CT scan.24% patients had anemia,12% had GDM,10 % had PIH,12.86% had IHCOP,5% had PPH,1.6% had APH.All the neonates were negative for covid 19. 80% babies had an APGAR score of ≥8/10 at 1 min of birth with a mean birth weight of 2400g±500.No post delivery complication was noted. Conclusion: Our study concludes that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can lead to unfavorable maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Introduction- Oral health is an important factor in maintaining sound psychological and physical health. Awareness regarding oral health is considered to be an essential prerequisite for health-related behaviour. Association between knowledge and better oral health has been well document. Aims to assess the oral health awareness and knowledge about periodontal disease among professional students. Materials and Methods- Study was conducted among students of professional colleges. A standardised self-administered questionnaire consisting of multiple-choice questions and the received data was analysed. Result- A substantial lack of oral hygiene undergoes and limited knowledge of oral hygiene practices even in health professional students. Conclusion-Hence there is an urgent need for comprehensive educational program to promote good oral health and impart education about oral hygiene practice at an elementary level.

Rajasthan is desert state in India and the most of population is depends on the groundwater. The average annual rainfall is 580 mm with 30 rainy days. Groundwater level is in range of 250 feet to 400 feet. The level of groundwater is going down due to the growing population and per capita increase of consumption by urban and rural area.The testing and monitoring of water is very important and the water impurities are time varying parameter and it is also affected by the use of chemicals in agriculture, mining activities and industrialization. In the present study corrosivity of water is selected for the determination of suitability of source for drinking purposes.

Background: Two percent of all pancreatitis is accounted by Drug induced pancreatitis. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, a patient can be diagnosed with Drug induced pancreatitis only after alcohol use, and cholelithiasis are excluded. The diagnosis can be made by establishing a temporal link between the drugs and the development of pancreatitis in the patient who does not have any other factors that can contribute to the development of pancreatitis. Case report: Here we present a case of 18 years old female who presented to the emergency room with acute onset severe pain abdomen 7 days after being started on Tablet Orlistat for the treatment of obesity. The patient does not give any history of alcohol consumption habits. Diagnosis of pancreatitis was established by elevated levels of amylase and lipase and CT abdomen showed a bulky pancreas with peri pancreatic fluid with no evidence of gallbladder and hepatobiliary abnormality. Conclusion: Tablet Orlistat is being extensively used for the treatment of obesity. Few studies have shown that Orlistat can trigger Drug induced pancreatitis in certain patients, so it should be prescribed cautiously, especially in patients at high risk of pancreatic injury.

A field study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 cropping season to determine the comparative effects of some soil amendments on the growth and fruit yield of snake tomato in a newly established rubber plantation in Iyanomo. The treatments involved a combination of sole and intercropped combination with NPK and rubber effluent application rates laid out in a randomized complete block design in three replications. Data were collected on vine length, vine girth, number of leaves, leaf area, fruit yield and its components. Results showed that soil amendment had significant effect on growth and fruit yield of snake tomato (P<0.05). Soil amendment significantly (P<0.05) improved snake tomato growth characters. The fertilized plants were higher in all the characters accessed than the unfertilized plants. Sole and intercropped snake tomato fruit yield with or without treatments had similar values. Unfertilized sole and intercropped snake tomato had the lowest fruit yield. The highest fruit yield were obtained from sole and intercropped snake tomato treated with NPK (STNPK and RSNPK).

Mathematics is erroneously regarded as a abstract to understand meant only for persons of higher mental ability. It arouses fear among many students which in turn creates resistance to learning at and result in adverse effect on their attainment. But actually school mathematics is within the reach of any average students. What is needed is to create the right ambience of learning mathematics in every school. Mathematics needs to be learnt with senses of joy and delight. It needs to be related where possible to life oriented activities to create interest in the subject. Mathematical faculty and intuition develop not only through theory and problems given in mathematics text books but also through a variety of activities involving concrete objects. Activities can be engaging as well as instructive. The main purpose of this study is to find out the students’ attitude towards mathematics laboratory. The researchers collected data using questionnaires and analyzed it using descriptive statistical tables, t-test and column charts.

Background: There is an increasing prevalence of stroke in the young adults as well as older adults in general. Cardiovascular risks are a significant predisposition to occurrence of stroke in both age groups. Various cardiac abnormalities are present in stroke patients either as risk factors or as complications. A relationship exists between these cardiac abnormalities and the prevalence, morbidity and mortality from stroke. The changing pattern of the cardiovascular risk factors among these groups of patients may contribute to a changing pattern of cardiac and echocardiographic abnormalities in stroke patients. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the profile as well as prevalence of various echocardiographic abnormalities in young versus older adult stroke patients of the different subtypes of stroke. Method: Descriptive cross sectional and comparative study was done. 180 subjects comprising of 90 young(less than 45years) and 90 older (45years and above) adult stroke patients were recruited for this study. Echocardiography was done for the patients. Echocardiographic abnormalities were compared among the young versus the older groups using chi-square and t-test tests when necessary. Results: Mean age in the young and older stroke patients were 40.23 ± 2.75 and 65.77 ± 12.34 years respectively. Male to Female ratio was 1.6: 1 among the older group and 1.4: 1 among the young group. Ischaemic stroke was the commonest subtype of stroke in both groups of patients (54.4% in the young and 68.9% in the older group of patients). Intracerebralhaemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage were present in 37.8% and 7.8% respectively in the young while 26.7% and 4.4% of the older group had intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage respectively. Echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy was also the commonest structural abnormality on transthoracic echocardiography in both groups of patients (52.3% in the young versus 47.1%in the older group), and the difference in prevalence was not significant. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction was significantly more in the older patients than the young (21.1% versus 6.7% χ2=7.850, p=0.005). Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was slightly more in the older group (86.7%), compared with the young (75.6%). This difference was however not significant (χ2=6.759, P=0.08). The commonest pattern of cardiac diagnosis was hypertensive heart disease in both groups of patients (68.9 versus 65.5%).Others were valvular heart disease (6.7% both groups), ischaemic heart disease (2.2% and 5.5% in the young and old respectively), pericardial diseases (2.2% and 5.5% in the young and old respectively) dilated cardiomyopathy (1.1%) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1.1%) both in the older group and left atrial myxoma (1.1%) in the young group. Conclusion: Transthoracic echocardiographic structural and functional abnormalities were largely similar among both age groups with slight differences noted. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction was significantly more on echocardiography among the older group of patients. It is therefore important to screen adult patients with stroke irrespective of the age at presentation.

The Mayo kebbi mafic-ultramafic intrusions are represented by gneiss–amphibolite complex, which is exposed east of the Zalbi Group. They consist mainly of gabbro-diorite, amphibolites, gneiss amphibole, hornblendite and pyroxenite. The mineral assemblages are characterised by amphibole (hornblende), plagioclase, pyroxene and chlorite. Our electron microprobe analysis showed that, the most of mafic –ultramafic rock mineral are calcic-amphoble. Where hornblende are more Magnesio (Fe2+

Organic farming is a knowledge intensive system and has been developed by practitioners themselves over the years. Organic farming is one such system which provides healthy and safe food without ecological harm. Hence, the Indian Government started promoting organic farming through various schemes like National Project on Organic Farming (NPOF), National Horticulture Mission (NHM), Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) etc. This farming is a modern and a sustainable form of agriculture that provides consumers fresh natural farm products. Organic farming works in synchronization with nature. The objective is achieved by using techniques to improve crop yields without harming the natural environment as well as the people who live and work in it. Organic agriculture offers an exclusive amalgamation of environment-friendly practices, which require low external inputs, thereby contributing to increased food availability. It has a very positive influence especially on birds, insects, weeds, wildlife, and soil flora and fauna. As compared to conventional agriculture, organic farming produces cost-effective food products, free of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. It also provides employment opportunities and economic benefits to local communities. Organic systems give higher animal immunity and increased disease resistance to plants, with 50 % less mycotoxins in crops and a persistent shelf life. This Chapter emphasizes on use of bio-pesticides in place of chemical agents and drugs that are not only harmful for the environment but they also enter inside the food chain through the edible products and then by biological magnification continuously go on increasing in percentage. There are various plants that have potential in being used as insecticidal agents and they can prove to be an arsenal in crop management both post and pre- harvesting. Farmers need an awareness to use these biological agents as tools to enhance productivity and also increase their profits over time rather than spending heavy amounts on toxic chemicals that deteriorate the soil quality and make it unfit for future farming practices.

Le régime révolutionnaire amorcé depuis le 26 octobre 1972 des suites d´un coup d´État a fait parler de lui, entre autres, en termes de quelques réformes mais surtout de mal gouvernance et de confiscation des libertés publiques. Les crises sociale, économique et politique qui s´en sont suivies ont amené les masses populaires ignorées, marginalisées, opprimées à prendre conscience de leur statut de dominés qui ne leur paraissait fatal. Dès lors, comment ces acteurs dominés se sont-ils organisés et à travers quelles stratégies pour braver les pratiques dictatoriales de « l´État-commando » pendant la période révolutionnaire ? La présente recherche répond à cette question centrale qui analyse leur résistance, assimilable à des « insubordinations sociales », comme le produit d´un long processus fait d´actions et d´événements majeurs sonnant le glas du régime et ouvrant la voie à de la transition démocratique dès 1990. De nature qualitative, elle est alimentée par un recueil de témoignages dans les principales régions du Bénin connues pour être le bastion de la lutte contre la révolution du fait de leur posture oppositionnelle au pouvoir. Ce corpus, qui s´étend à des données obtenues de l´exploitation des documents d´archives et autres coupures de presse, est moulé dans un paradigme analytique qui associe la Grounded Theory et la sociohistoire, ouvertes à la théorie des relations dominants-dominés avec les stratégies de la résistance à la domination. Ainsi, les résultats auxquels aboutit cette sociologie de l´action collective et des mouvements sociaux antirévolutionnaires, débouchent sur l´innovation dans la contestation de la révolution et la synergie d´action retrouvée entre élèves et étudiants pendant les soulèvements populaires de 1985, sur la généralisation et la radicalisation de la résistance contre l´État-commando en 1989, sur la multisectorialité des niveaux d´implication d´acteurs clés réunis au sein de la Convention du peuple sous l´impulsion du Parti Communiste du Dahomey (PCD), et sur l´ingéniosité syndicale avec la trouvaille des « Bureaux de liaison ».

Background: To create a 3D representation of the white matter bundles in the brain, dMRI uses the diffusion of water molecules along axons. This function is very helpful for planning a surgical approach and seeing how a tumor affects the surrounding white matter. Objective: This article examines the various applications of dMRI in improving brain surgery, as well as its advantages and drawbacks. We discuss surgical methods that can be used in conjunction with dMRI to enhance the impact of the procedure on the patient’s recovery, such as loading 3D tractography into the neuronavigation system and using direct electrical stimulation to confirm the location of the targeted white matter bundles. Methods: We looked at research that support dMRI results with other anatomical study methods, like postmortem dissections, manganese-enhanced MRI, electrical stimulations, and phantom experiments with established ground truth, in recent meta-analysis, research articles. We will talk about the parts of the brain where dMRI works well and where the obstacles lie in the future. Results: Tractography has lots of potential. Preoperative Tractography can assess the neural pathways and assist surgeons for optimal surgical approach. The technology is still in development. Conclusion: The review will be concluded with recommendations and key takeaways for neurosurgeons, on how to advance the discipline and reap the rewards of using tractography in clinical practice.

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis(VKC) is a chronic inflammatory bilateral external eye disease affecting mainly patients in the first and second decade of life and keratoconus is a bilateral, asymmetric, non-inflammatory and slowly progressive corneal ectatic disease and characterized by corneal thinning and protrusion, progressive myopia, and irregular astigmatism, Here in this study we are calculating the prevalence of keratoconus in pediatric patients presented with vernal keratoconjunctivitissince this condition’s progression can be delayed with adequate treatment and keeping the patients in a close follow up

Many small dams for agropastoral purposes have been initiated in various regions of the country, with the aim of promoting economic and social development, particularly to facilitate rice yields. These aquatic environments are home to an important biodiversity, including phytoplankton, which are not well known and likely to be impacted by human activities. The objective of this work is to know the phytoplankton population of the Yamoussoukro rice-growing dams in order to prevent the risks of eutrophication. The physico-chemical parameters of the water were measured with a multi-parameter HANNA model HI 98194 in three stations (Nanan, Subiakro and Zatta). Nutrient salts were measured using HANNA digital mini-photometers model H1781. Taxa were sampled with a plankton net of 20 µm mesh size. A photonic microscope was used to observe the different samples collected. In total, one hundred and fourteen (114) phytoplankton taxa were inventoried and divided into for (4) phyla: Chlorophyta (44 taxa or 39%), the Euglenophyta (41 taxa or 36%), Cyanoprokaryota (16 taxa or 14%) and Heterokontophyta (13 taxa or 11%). Water reservoirs could be considered rich in taxa. Chlorophyta and Euglenophyta contain the greatest diversity and constitute more than half of all taxa collected. The study also revealed that the reservoirs are warm (29.86°C) and acidic with low dissolved oxygen (2.25 mg/l) and high nutrient values (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite and ortho-phosphate). This mineralization of these waters explains the high diversity of taxa in the Yamoussoukro dams.

The experiment was carried out during 2016 - 2018 on rabi season to evaluate the qualitative parameters in different forms of fenugreek. Seven different forms viz., young seedlings (7-10 days after germination), fresh leaf at matured stage (30-40 days after sowing), dry leaf at matured stage (30-40 days after sowing), fresh leaf at matured stage (60-70 days after sowing), dry leaf at matured stage (60-70 days after sowing), dry seed and sprouted seed were studied. The results revealed that the sprouted seeds and the dried seeds were found to be best with high quality parameters, chlorophyll contents (a, b and total), catalase activity, soluble protein content, total carbohydrate content. On the other hand, the fresh leaves at matured stage (60-70 days after sowing) recorded higher ascorbic acid content.

Background: Implantology is becoming a speciality in thefield of dentistry in the last few decades dentistry appears to have recorded its most sign I cant advancement in the field of dental implantology. Replacement of lost teeth with dental implants are widely accepted as a prosthetic treatment of completely or partially edentulous patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of acceptance and challenges among Dental practitioners. Method: The survey was constructed using a convenient sampling method with self administered questionnaires among dental practtioner between October and November 2022. Results: majority of questioned subjects knew about the dental implants and accept it as a treatment option for replacing missing teeth. Conclusion: Dental implant is an accepted treatment modality in India.

Election organizers in Indonesia are often seen as obstacles to the growth of democracy. The presence of election administrators has become a serious problem in the development of democracy in Indonesia. In fact, very high hopes are given to the election organizers as a pillar that will determine the growth of Indonesian democracy. The reason is simple: Indonesian democracy has failed in the past, partly because of the role of the election organizers. The New Order became an opaque record for Indonesian democracy when election administrators became an inseparable part of the authoritarian regime. Even in the early days of reform, the election organizers could not be proud of their work and even became one of the sources of the problem itself. So it is not surprising that the election organizers, namely the Komisi Pemilihan Umum - KPU (General Elections Commission), were asked to supervise their work by establishing the Badan Pengawas Pemilu - Bawaslu (Election Supervisory Body) in 2008. The results achieved did not make the democratization process through general elections better. The poor technical work of election administrators means that election administrators cannot be allowed to work maturely and maturely, but special courts must be prepared for their bad work. The birth of the election ethics body, namely the Dewan Kehormatan Penyelengggara Pemilu - DKPP (The Honorary Council of Election Organizers), shows that the election organizers, namely the KPU and Bawaslu, are doing quite badly in building the electoral process. The big concern is the difficulty of holding a dignified general election in the 2024 national simultaneous elections.