November 2023

Paper presents the working experience of the author with vulnerable children in Stand and Stride (SnS) Foundation, a voluntary organization working with Vulnerable Children for their better education and other health-hygiene awareness programs in Dwarka City, Delhi. Besides other activities- free book distribution to girls and environmental awareness programme etc. are the major work of foundation.

Background: Malaria, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are some of the infectious diseases with great public health importance. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of malaria-HBV co-infection among HIV subjects in a tertiary hospital in Rivers State. Method: Blood samples were collected from HIV positive subjects and examined for Plasmodium parasite and HBV using standard laboratory procedures. Result: The results obtained showed that out of the 200 samples examined for both malaria and hepatitis B virus (HBV), 61.5% were tested positive for plasmodium infection while 7% were positive to HBV. Males, 71(70.30%) recorded a significantly higher infection than females, 52(52.52%) in malaria (p<0.05). in HBV, males 11(10.89%) also recorded a significantly higher prevalence than the females 3(3.03%) (p<0.05). Age-wise, those >30yrs (62.28%) had the highest prevalence in malaria than those <20yrs (42.86%) and within 20-30yrs (62.03%) (p>0.05). Co-infection was recorded in 7% of the cases, with males 11(10.89%) recording a higher prevalence than females, 3(3.03%) (p<0.05). Result revealed the presence of malaria, HBV and a combination of both in HIV subjects. Conclusion: This suggests the need for active surveillance and implementation of preventive measures against infections among immunocompromised individuals.

Background: Self-medication practice is the use of OTC medications for self-treatment without prior consultation with registered medical practitioner. Travel restrictions, fear of getting contacted with virus and increased influence of social media has led to an increase in self-medication practices among general public. These practices can be associated with serious ADRs with lifelong consequences. Objectives: To assess the most prominent ailment for which self-medication has been practiced and to assess the various resources and reasons observed in self-medication practices. Methods and Material: The prospective, cross-sectional study is based on web-based survey was conducted from June 2021-December 2021. A self-administered questionnaire was developed, validated and distributed using google forms through social media networks. Chi square test for significance was used to find the association between the variables. Results: A total of 309 participants completed the questionnaire. Out of them 54.4% were female and 45.6% were male, 65.8% were unemployed and 34.2% were employed. Of all 64.2% were students, 30% were working professionals and 5.5% were households. Most of the participants i.e., 47% were found to self-medicate at times during severe conditions. The most frequent medical condition that led to self-medicate was cold/cough(66%) followed by fever(64%) and aches(49.5%). Socio demographic variables like age group between 18-30, χ2(9,N+309)=110.2,P<0.0001, unemployed participants χ2(6,N=309)=110.2,P<0.001, and rural residence χ2(6,N=309)=104.04,P=<0.001 were found to be associated with self-medication practice. Conclusions: Self-medication practicesarepsychologically influenced by trust, circumstances, frustration plays a vital role in making the suggestions beneficial. Self-medication practices were more prevalent in the rural community.

Present communication reveals that the phytoplanktonic energy is fixed and energy transformation by phytoplankton in Barnoo reservoir ranges in different season. The phytoplanktonic gross energy transformations were ranges between 27987 to 34232.5 Cal m-2 day-1 and net energy fixation were ranges between 1473.6– 30380.6 Cal m-2 d-1. The fish production potential were estimated on the basis of 0.2% , 0.4%, and 1% of the net production energy and were in the range of 208 - 254.48 kg h-1 yr-1; 416 – 508.96 kg ha-1 yr-1, 1040 – 1272.4 kg h-1 yr-1 respectively. It means that the small reservoirs provide better scope for fisheries management and stock enhancement.

Totally extra peritoneal Rives- Stoppa (ETEP-RS) is one of the minimal access techniques of retromuscular mesh repair for ventral hernias. It provides a panoramic view of the whole extra abdominal cavity and is a novel surgical technique for treating complex ventral hernias. We practised this technique on a study sample of 25 patients from November 2020 –November 2022 for a period of 2 years. The analysis of the data collected on these patients showed satisfactory results. We concluded that ETEP-RS is the safe, cheap and a reproducible technique for handling complex ventral hernias.

This study aimed to determine the teaching strategies of Physical Education.It focused on teaching strategies, including safety, wellness integration, connection, participation, and promoting healthy lifestyle. The strategies, techniques, or other processes that a teacher uses when instructing a class are considered effective teaching instruction. Teachers use these strategies as a means of guiding their instruction to satisfy standards and address the learning requirements of their pupils. In this study, teaching strategies play an important role in classroom instruction, especially in dealing with students with special needs. Without the use of a strategy, teachers would be aimlessly projecting information that doesnot connect with learners or engage them.Strategies help learners participate, connect, and add excitement to the content being delivered. As students become familiar with the various strategies teachers use, some can even apply those strategies independently as they learn new material. The result implies that the observation and assessment of teachers and parents with regards to the teaching strategies of teachers in teaching Adapted Physical Education is actually the same. The findings suggest that the adapted physical education teachers employ some successful teaching techniques, such as building rapport and working with the faculty to support special needs students' efforts to lead healthy lifestyles and pursue general education, as well as including both regular students and students with special needs in a variety of activities.

Despite the critical role played by counsellor supervision in the counsellors’ professional and personal growth of counsellors many studies report low utilization of supervision services. The low rate of utilizing supervision services is likely to affect the quality of counselling services especially in Kenya. Several studies have attempted to determine the cause of low utilization of counsellor supervision. This study sought to determine how counsellor- supervisor is related to utilization of counsellor supervision services. The study employed a correlational research design. The target population was 2561 counselling professionals registered with the Kenya Psychologist and Counsellors Association. Multistage sampling including stratified, proportionate and simple random sampling was used to obtain a sample of 139 counsellors and 55 counsellor supervisors who took part in the study. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between counselor-supervisor relationship and utilization of counselor supervision. It recommended that professional bodies should offer counsellor supervision services as part of the professional development programs for counsellors. As well counsellor supervisors should be trained on the skills to nurture and maintain a professional relationship with their supervisees as a step towards enhancing the utilization of counsellor supervision services.

Three thirteen-day-old broiler chicks were presented at the Avian Clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, with complaints of diarrhea and mortality observed in the flock four days prior to presentation. Upon physical examination, evidence of diarrhea was found. During flock visitation, further physical examination revealed dullness, huddling, and yellowish diarrhea, and five carcasses were discovered. Cloacal swabs were collected and submitted to the veterinary microbiology laboratory for bacterial culture, identification, and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Post-mortem examination was carried out on the carcasses, revealing lesions suggestive of Salmonella infection. Salmonella was isolated, and it exhibited resistance to all antibiotics used in the sensitivity test, including Augmentin, Gentamicin, Cotrimoxazole, Tetracycline, Cloxacillin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, and Streptomycin.

This paper aimed to explore an experimental analysis and research on the practices and application effect of the conventional multi-ball exercise method and the combined multi-ball exercise method in the college tennis special teaching in Huaibei Normal University during the second semester of school year 2022–2023. Forty boys under the tennis special classes were selected as the respondents of the study, with 20 each for the control and experimental groups. The special training program ran for eight weeks at 90 minutes per session twice a week. the researcher gathered the data through video recording, observations and note-taking. In terms of physical fitness, both combination technique multi-ball training and traditional single technique multi-ball training can improve students' physical fitness, but the combination technique multi-ball training has a more significant effect on improving students' physical fitness. In terms of technology, combination technique multi-ball training can effectively improve the forehand, backhand, and volley skills of tennis majors. The results indicate that using combination techniques and multi-ball training in college tennis elective teaching can improve students' individual skill levels. In terms of the standardization of technical movements, both traditional multi-ball training and combination technique multi-ball training can effectively improve the standardization of individual technical movements in tennis, but the combination technique multi-ball training has a more significant effect on improving the standardization of individual technical movements.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the commonest cause of sudden death and its risk is increasing world over. There are several cardiac risk analysis scores and calculators such as the Framingham Risk score- coronary heart disease (FRS-CHD), Framingham Risk Score- Cardiovascular Disease Risk, (FRS-CVD), Joint British Society risk calculator 3 (JBS3), American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and others but there are no studies to determine which is best for our population. Hence this study aims to compare 3 of the most established calculators and look for applicability to our settings in south India. Materials: A cross-sectional study was done using, The Framingham heart study calculator, QRISK®3-2018 cardiovascular disease risk calculator and the Mayo clinic heart disease risk calculator which were used to evaluate the risks in the study population and then compared. Results: Both QRISK and Framingham calculators taken together give a reliability coefficient of Cronbach’s Alpha = 9.55 that is a 96% reliability hence either can be suggested for use in practice. However, the Framingham can give the risk using just anthropometry, or lipid profile which give different values each and can be a reason for minimal variation. But as the Framingham can give the risk using just anthropometry, or just by using lipid profile this is helpful to reduce the numbers of tests being done and also help quicker analysis. Conclusion: The estimation of the cardiac risk using either the QRISK3 or Framingham calculators must become standard procedure in hospital records, since they are applicable to the south Indian population, as seen in our study. Regular screening and increasing the awareness in imperative as only then can modifiable risk factors be used to try and reduce the risk of a cardiac event. The main motto of such a study was to improve community health care.

The integration of the teaching-learning-assessment concept was applied to current middle school English reading class, which has played an important role in achieving teachers' teaching goals and students' learning goals. This thesis took English reading teaching in junior middle school as an example to analyze how to organize and analyze English reading classroom teaching under the integrated teaching-learning-assessment concept. The purpose of this thesis was to varify teaching methods and continuously improve the classroom teaching quality.

The article analyses and clarifies Indonesia’s current recovery measures in the context of the fact that the country has just experienced the dual impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the current global economic downturn. The article states that, compared to other countries in the region, Indonesia is a country heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, both economically and socially. This has caused the Indonesian government to actively seek solutions to bring this island country out of the risk of recession.

Throughout recent many years, the auto business has forcefully explored ways of taking advantage of present day processing and electronic advances in the improvement of security, unwavering quality and diversion advancements for vehicles. The framework is created to relieve driving interruptions and permit drivers to zero in on their essential errand of driving. The interruption killed with the improvement of this item is the manual change of windshield wipers while driving in precipitation. The few moments that a driver takes their consideration off the street to change a handle while driving in unfortunate weather patterns might actually prompt auto collisions. The point of this task is to assist with lessening mishaps that occur because of the driver proposing to clean the windscreen when downpour is falling accordingly taking the consideration of the driver off the street when the individual is turning here and there the wiper. In blustery days we experience the ill effects of demonstration of sprinkling of water on front glass of our wheeler. While driving vehicle, driver can't see on street vehicles. Thus, he has a go at working wiper on glass, for that he ought to frequently turn on for working wiper and in view of this it could cause vehicle mishap. Assuming that we apply any sort of sensor on glass which detects the demonstration of sprinkling water, by robotization the wiper will work consequently. At the point when the water hit the sensor, it will convey message to the framework in this manner moving the wiper engine. When the sensor recognized no water, the wiper will stop. This will lessen the shortcomings which have been expressed at starting. This proposed framework enacts the wiper to work in completely programmed mode, to make a vehicle lavish and to prevent accident.

With the freedom of expression individual’s have, it allows the person to express opinions on any social media platforms concerning political, social, cultural, and other present notions. However, when that view contradicts another group or person, the person is vulnerable to what they call cancel culture. Having said that, the researchers conducted a working title which is Canceling the Cancel Culture: Basis for Advocacy Program and conducted a study using Qualitative Descriptive Research Design. Moreover, the researchers conducted a focus group interview with 8 participants coming from the HUMSS strand of Notre Dame of Marbel University-Integrated Basic Education Department Senior High School and purposive sampling is used to select the participants based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Also, the researcher use the Key Informant Interview (KII), as the researchers formulated research questions to be answered by the participants of the study based on the two Statement of the Problems: (1) How do social media users view cancel culture? And (2) How do these views affect the perspective of social media users on cancel culture? After gathering the data, the findings of the study state that social media users see how destructive a cancel culture is as it can lead to negative experiences. Where these views on cancel culture affect the perspectives of social media users, seeing cancel culture can affect social media users' emotions and it lessens social media users' usage as afraid of being mocked, bullied, or social media user. Moreover, the researchers created an advocacy program about canceling the cancel culture where the advocacy program aims to cancel the cancel culture as the themes and codes or results state that cancel culture really needs to be canceled and making the study achieve its new title: Hashtag Activism: Cancel the Cancel Culture Among Social Media Users. In conclusion, social media users may participate in constructive discussion and can demonstrate a sense of commitment to conscientiousness but cancel culture or being ostracized in the virtual world is not justifiable at all. Harming the transgressor or canceling them in any way without being critical and cannot meet the legal process is not an effective but rather a threat.

Introduction: Pyogenic wound infections are responsible for causing significant morbidity resulting in longer duration of hospital stay and adding to economic burden for patient as well as hospital. The incidence of wound sepsis in India is reported to be 10-33%. Objectives: This study was done to identify bacteriological profile & their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from various pus sample. Methods: This is retrospective study done in a tertiary care hospital from period of 1/4/22 to 31/3/23. In total 665 pus samples received from OBG and Pediatrics department were processed using standard microbiological methods and antibiotic sensitivity test was done as per CLSI 2022guidelines.Result:Out of 665 samples, 376 were culture positive (56.55%).Amongst them 350(93%) were females and 26(7%) were males. Maximum 42% cases in 21-30 year age group..Post LSCS wound infection cases were 227(60%) followed by puerperal sepsis (11.9%), post hysterectomy wound infection 30(7.97%).Gram positive cocci were predominant than Gram negative bacilli. 125 (33.2%) were CONS, 111(29.5%) were staphylococcus aureus, 57(15%) were Escherichia coli followed by Acinetobactersp 31(8.2%), Klebsiellasp 21(5.5%), Pseudomonas 18(4.7%). Staphylococcus aureus& Enterococcus species were 100% sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin. MRSA isolates were 62.16%. 86% of Escherichia coli were sensitive to gentamicin. Klebsiella pneumonia showed sensitivity to piperacillintazobactum (66.66%) and gentamicin (66.66%). Pseudomonas species & Acinetobacter were sensitive to aminoglycoside 88.88% & 70.96% respectively. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the most common causative bacteria isolated in this study with high resistance pattern. Studying the antibiogram of pus isolates in a setup can guide clinician to start appropriate empirical antibiotics and can escalate or deescalate as per culture and sensitivity report.

Background: Changes in primary dentition morphology due to trauma or caries is a commonly encountered problem, and restoration is crucial part from esthetic, functional and psychological aspects. Several treatment modalities such as acrylic resin, composite restoration, strip crowns are available for restoration. Biological restoration is an alternative method for restoration. Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study is to present three different ways to use natural tooth material in an attempt for aesthetic rehabilitation. Methods: Freshly extracted primary teeth were used for this in vitro study. Samples were thoroughly scaled, polished and then stored in distilled water. Sample tooth was then mounted on wax block. Three different types of biological restorations as an alternative to conventional methods were made. Conclusion: Present in vitro study portrays restoration of primary anteriors using biological restoration.

The diversity and proliferation of mosquitoes depends on the availability of breeding sites, sources and abiotic factors of the environment. Mosquito species serves as a vector for most of the life threatening diseases like malaria, chikungunya fever, yellow fever, dengue fever, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus infection, Zika virus etc. To control the growth of these species many chemical pesticides are used like malathion, phenothrin, pyrethrins and temphos. But these insecticides are now showing less effect on the target species and are also dangerous for the non-target species. Under the Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM), alternative strategies for mosquito control were highlighted. The steady use of manmade insecticides is the origin of toxic substance bio magnification in the food chain, development of resistance in vector species and adverse effects on environmental quality and non target organisms including human health. On the contrary phytochemicals are harmless, convenient and cheap, biodegradable and manifest wide range of precise activities against different species mosquitoes. In this review, the present day knowledge onkind of mosquito species, the diseases they transmit as vectors, their life cycle and phytochemical sources have been studied. The mosquito species which are vectors of many diseases have developed resistance capacity against chemical larvicides and are showing less mortality rate. Whereas phytochemicals are a blend of chemical compounds therefore the mosquitoes are more susceptible against them with a very high mortality rate. A comparison between chemical and natural larvicides with respect to susceptibility and resistance for mosquito control have been reviewed.

Diabetes Mellitus poses a substantial public health challenge in Saudi Arabia due to escalating prevalence. This paper delves into the epidemiological landscape of diabetes mellitus and its linked risk factors within the country. Comprehensive in scope, the study traverses the historical aspects of diabetes in Saudi Arabia, current prevalence rates, prevalent symptoms, underlying causes, risk determinants, and preventive strategies and concludes with a discussion encompassing the present state and forthcoming implications. In a country grappling with the mounting burden of this disease, this research contributes vital insights for health policymakers and practitioners. The historical context elucidates the evolving nature of diabetes in Saudi Arabia. At the same time, examining risk factors, symptoms, and prevention measures sheds light on the multifaceted aspects of this health challenge. Understanding the complexities surrounding diabetes in the Saudi Arabian context is pivotal for developing effective interventions, health education, and healthcare infrastructure improvements. The findings underscore the urgency of sustainable strategies to curb the diabetes epidemic and pave the way for a healthier future.

Background: Malaria, sometimes called the “King of Diseases” is one of the oldest and most frequently occurring infectious diseases in humans. Findings have shown that in malarious areas of the world, a higher proportion of the population has O-group than other groups. Thus,the ABO blood group systems are very important clinical tools that are usually used in blood transfusion but also their associations with various disease conditions have been widely reported. Here, this study investigated the distribution of these blood group systems and assessed the association of malaria infection with the ABO blood groups among patients in health centers of Jacqueville and Tiassalé, Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: Blood specimens from veinous of 132patients aged between 0-71 years were examined for malaria parasites using thick drop technical. ABO and Rhesus blood group antigens tests were also performed using standard tile protocols. Of all the children admitted into the study, 445 were sick while 285 were apparently healthy. After determinizing Hemoglobin concentration by automated (ALPHATEC SCIENTIFIC® 34) hematology analyzer, ABO bloodgroups and rhesus factor grouping were done by antigen-antibody agglutination test using slide method and commercially available anti-A, anti- B, anti-AB and anti-D monoclonal antibodies. Results: The prevalence of malaria was 52.27 % with 50.10 % and 50.70 % at Jacqueville and Tiassalé respectively. The O-group was be predominant group with 50.82 % at Jacqueville and 46.48 % at Tiassalé and AB-group weakly represented, 3.28 % at Jacqueville and 4.23 %at Tiassalé. Rhesus positive was hugely represented at Jacqueville like Tiassalé with 93.44 % and 94.37 % respectively. The malaria infection was not associated with gender (p = 0.63 at Jacqueville ;p = 0.71 at Tiassalé) but it was associated with ABO blood groups (p = 0.042 ; 95%CI = [1.02-7.02] ; OR = 2.68) with as individuals of O-group appears the risk people who could be exposed over twice more than individuals of other groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is not association between malaria infection and gender while there is an association between this infection and ABO group systems and O-group individuals are more are more susceptible to malaria infection compared to other blood groups.