June 2022

Most bacteria of medical interest grow and develop at pH values around neutrality (pH 7). However, many of these bacteria are also capable of maintaining themselves for long periods of time in acidic environments. The same goes for bacteria that thrive in the environment. Such is the case of some rhizobial bacteria associated with plants, where the acidic pH of the soil could represent a limiting aspect of their growth, however this is not the case because these bacteria can grow at low pH. These bacteria have different mechanisms to survive in acidic environments, which are presented in a general way in this work.

Background and aim: Hypertension during pregnancy and their complications are one of the most common causes of maternal morbidity in world. In India, the incidence of Hypertension is reported to be 8-10% of the pregnancies. Methods: A prospective analysis of 50 cases of pregnant womenat Dr RPGMC Tanda. Results: Regular ANC visits and follow-up in patients of pregnancy with hypertension will reduce the morbidity and mortality in nearly 70-75%. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to detect hypertension early to improve maternal morbidity.

The purpose of this research was toestablish the relationship between human capital as one of the key factors and performance of government aided primary schools in Isingiro district, Uganda. A cross sectional research design and post-positivist paradigm were used to collect data from 118 government aided primary schools in Isingiro district, Uganda where 475 respondents participated in the study. The study used closed-ended questionnaires, interview guide and checklists. The schools to be included were selected using simple random sampling and were considered as unit of analysis while the respondents who included District officials, head teachers, teachers and school management committee members formed the unit of enquiry, these were selected purposively based on the knowledge they had on the subject matter. Each school selected, provided the information from the respondents who in this case were the head teacher, two (2) teachers and a chairperson of school management committee member. The research was guided by the null hypothesis, Ho1: Human capital has no relationship with performance of government aided primary schools in Isingiro district, Uganda assuming other factors constant. The findings of the study revealed a positive significant relationship between human capital issues and performance of government aided primary school at 99% level of confidence (r=.385, p<.01), thus rejecting the null hypothesis (Ho1). The results signify that improvedhuman capital is highly associated with good performance of government aided primary schools in Isingiro district, Uganda. The Unique contribution of this studywas, to suggest to planners and managers of government aided primary schools that, since human capital is important for the improvement of primary school performance, it is advisable that the government should impose the human capital law for government aided primary school teachers which possibly caters for teachers’ productivity when given some due care and attention. In addition, the Ministry of Education & Sports should create social benefits for government aided primary school teachers as a means to enhance their wellbeing and motivate them. Moreover, it is also recommended that government aided primary schools’ teachers be given some training and professional workshops to increase their experience and productivity which could probably motivate them and hence perform better at schools.

The root-bark of Dalbergia saxatilis (Fabaceae), a plant used traditionally in ethnomedicine in Nigeria, was extracted with 95% ethanol to give the crude extract. The crude extract was partitioned into acidic, basic and neutral polar and non-polar fractions. Preliminary phytochemical screening of D. saxatilis root bark crude extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides. The antimicrobial screening was carried out on the crude extract and the fractions and all the samples were active against the test organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella .typhi, Escherichia coli, Bacillus substilis and Candida albicans .The basic fraction was the least active against S. typhi while the neutral non-polar (hexane) fraction was the most active against B. substilis. Column chromatographic separation of the biologically active hexane fraction gave fractions which on GC-MS analysis and by comparison with the standard library computer MS data led to the identification of two azulene-type sesquiterpenes,1, 2,3,5,6, 7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)azulene,and1H-3a,7-methanoazulene,2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-.The presence of these constituents in the plant extract may account for the antimicrobial properties of the plant. Thus, the root bark of D. saxatilis can be harnessed for anti-infective purposes.

Fatty liver is a reversible condition in large vacuoles of triglycerides fat accumulates in the liver cells via the process of steatosis. It occurs in two forms, they are Alcoholic fatty liver and Non- alcoholic fatty liver. Alcoholic fatty liver is a condition in which excess fat is stored in the liver due to heavy alchol use. Non alcoholic fatty liver is a condition in which excess fat is stored in the liver This accumulation of fat is not caused by heavy alcoholic use.In this study our main main objective is to assess the efficacy and comparision between vit-E and metadoxine + L –Asparagine. In our study total 110 patients were included.out of 110,55 pa patients were prescribed with Vitamin E AND 55 patients were prescribed with metadoxine +L –Asparagine.To assess the efficacy of two drugs Fishers exact test was used.The drug vitamin E in 55 patients shows the reduced size of liver when compared to Metadoxine +L-Asparagine. Our study concludes that treatment of fatty liver with vitamin E is more effective when compared with treatment of Metadoxine +L-Asparagine.

Myocardial infraction is characterized by necrosis of heart cells because it doesn’t get enough blood flow to heart due to blockage of blood clots. Depression is one of the common, frequent complications occur after an attack of myocardial infraction, its impact affects long term quality of life to a higher incidence of mortality of myocardial infarction patients. Thus, the present consensus statement aims to provide an overview of the prevalence, risk factors associated with depression followed by a myocardial infarction, impact of depression in a myocardial infarction patient, diagnosis and its treatment options. Overall research studies show that patients with myocardial infarction have higher risk of all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality and recurrence of cardiac events if they have post-myocardial infraction depression. The patients with history of either myocardial infarction or depression, complication that occurs during hospitalization, patients with infirm social relationships, biological imbalance and physical illness are the contributing risk factors of depression among myocardial infarction patients. Future studies are required to find out the exact relationship between depression and myocardial infraction. Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitors are the better drug of choice among all anti-depressive drugs. Cardiac rehabilitation is also very effective. Early diagnosis and management of depression after myocardial infarction attack take the edge of future complications.

This research was conducted in a study at the Ministry of Education Dili, Timor Leste with the title The influence of Human Resource Competence and Budget Planning on Budget Realization and Its Implications on State Apparatus Performance. The research objectives are 1. To determine the competence of human resources that affect the performance of the State Apparatus 2. To determine the effect of Budget Planning on the Performance of the State Apparatus. 3. To find out the Realization of the Budget affects the Performance of the State Apparatus. And in chapter II the theoretical basis the author cites theories of experts to support the author's title such as the theory of human resource competence, the theory of budget planning, and the theory of Budget Realization and Performance of the State Apparatus. While in chapter III the author uses data analysis techniques, namely using multiple linear regressions. While the results of research from processing show that; Test Results, The T-count value of the independent variable, Human resource competence (X1) is 3,905 > and the T-table value is 1,986. or T-count > T-table, the null hypothesis is rejected and Ha (alternative hypothesis) is accepted, meaning that there is a positive and significant influence between human resource competence (X1) on Apparatus Performance (Y). Test Results, the T-count value of the independent variable, budget planning (X2) is 3,190 > and the T-table value is 1,986. Or T-count > T table, the null hypothesis is rejected and Ha (alternative hypothesis) is accepted, meaning that there is a positive and significant influence between planning (X2) on Apparatus Performance. (Y). Test Results, the T-count value of the independent variable, Budget realization (Z) is 3,160 > and the T-table value is 1,986. or T-count > T-table, the null hypothesis is rejected and Ha (alternative hypothesis) is accepted, meaning that there is a positive and significant influence between budget realization (Z) on the performance of the state apparatus. (Y). Coefficient of Determination, Based on the value (R Square) of 0.710 or 71.0%. This shows that the percentage contribution of the influence of the independent variable competence of human resources, budget planning and budget realization to the performance of the state apparatus is 0.55 or 5.5% of the two independent variables used to be able to explain 5.5% of the variation of the dependent variable performance of the apparatus. country. While the remaining 100% - 5.5% = 4.5% is influenced or explained by other variables that are not included in this research model.

Today, 3D printing is most commonly used in dentistry for the manufacture of drill guides for dental implants, study models for prosthodontics, orthodontics and surgery, and the fabrication of copings and frameworks for implant and dental restorations. However, we are yet to see forensic odontologists, lawyers, and expert witnesses appreciate the advantages of 3D printing for its use in court of law. The major application of 3D printing in forensic odontology includes bite mark analysis, 3D-computed tomography facial reconstruction, dental age estimation, sex determination, and physical models. The use of 3D digitizing systems such as laser scanners, structured light scanners, photogrammetry, etc. has revolutionized the field of forensic sciences. The application of these technologies also allows prompt collection of data with minimal degradation and reduction in human errors. Thus, these 3D digitizing technologies can be wisely adapted to advance forensic sciences. Though, the applications in this domain are in the stage of infancy, it definitely has a promising future

The purpose of the present study is to assess the influence of tennis specific endurance training for twelve weeks on speed, agility and maximal oxygen uptake in male tennis players. Twenty (20) male tennis players were selected at random as subjects, who volunteered to participate in this study. All players were classified randomly into two groups tennis specific endurance training group (EG) (n = 10) and control group (CG) (n = 10). These players were selected from National Tennis Academy, SIPCOT, Ranipet, Tamilnadu during the academic year 2018 – 2019. Speed, agility and maximal oxygen uptake were selected as criterion variables. The twelve weeks of tennis specific endurance training were supplemented to EG and CG carried out their regular training. The result of the study revealed that EG from pre to post test showed significant improvement in speed (F (1, 18) = 32.94, p = 0.000), agility (F (1, 18) =32.12, p = 0.000) and maximal oxygen uptake (F (1, 18) = 36.86, p = 0.000) but the CG failed to show significant changes (p> 0.05). It is concluded that twelve weeks of tennis specific endurance training is likely to improve speed, agility and maximal oxygen uptake in tennis players. This study also displayed the effectiveness of 30-15 IFT audio which can also be used for trainingand it is evident in improving the speed, agility and maximal oxygen uptake in tennis players.

In this letter, millimeter wave attenuation by flat sea surface covered by foam is reported. This was achieved by developing an analytical model of foam-covered sea surface using the finite difference method (FDM) method, which is a solution to the Parabolic Wave Equation (PWE) method. The PWE has been widely used to solving Electromagnetic (EM) wave extinction and radio wave propagation in random media problems. The FDM method investigates attenuation of EM waves propagating through slices of sea foam layer as functions of frequency, foam layer thickness, polarization and angle of incidence. Results obtainedshowed that attenuation increases with the depth of sea foam layers and decreases with increase in propagation angle for various WindSat frequencies.

BACKGROUND: General anesthesia is needed for caesarean section in situations such as obstetric emergencies (ecclampsia, acute fetal distress etc) or when spinal anesthesia is contraindicated (patient refusal, thrombocytopenia etc). Regardless of indication, it is desirable to keep dose of volatile anesthetics to a minimum so as to decrease their effects on the neonate without causing a risk of awareness in the mother. OBJECTIVES: To compare efficacy of Sevoflurane 1% and Isoflurane 0.5% as inhalational anesthetic for maintenance of general anaesthesia in cesarean section. PARTICIPANTS: 50 term parturients with ASA II and III planned for elective LSCS under general anesthesia. METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups. Group A received 1% sevoflurane with N2O for maintenance of anesthesia while group B received 0.5% isoflurane with N2O. Bispectral Index (BIS), HR, NIBP, SpO2, EtCO2 and Etsevo/ Etiso were recorded at 16 designated points throughout the procedure. Post-operatively patients were interviewed for any recall of intraoperative events. RESULTS: From the time of skin incision until uterine closure, average values for BIS were higher for group A (Sevoflurane 1%) than for group B (Isoflurane 0.5%) but values in both groups were below 60. From abdominal mopping till the end of procedure, values for group A continued to be higher than that for group B and values in group A reached above 60 in some patients. None of the patients had any intraoperative awareness as confirmed by post-operative interviews. CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane 0.5% with N2O for maintenance of general anesthesia seems to be adequate for preventing intraoperative awareness during LSCS under while Sevoflurane 1% may be inadequate for maintenance of anesthesia in some patients.

Les attaques terroristes sont à l’évidence aujourd’hui, un des défis majeurs des institutions de sécurité publique en Côte d’Ivoire. En l’espace de quelques mois, la Côte d’Ivoire a été victime de plusieurs attaques terroristes dans les zones frontalières avec le Burkina Faso et le Mali faisant des morts de façon récurrente parmi les forces armées ivoiriennes. En dépit du système sécuritaire mis en place par les autorités pour prévenir ce phénomène, la menace devient de plus en plus persistante et insaisissable. La Côte d’Ivoire demeure pourtant, une plaque tournante du trafic international des drogues et stupéfiants depuis plusieurs décennies. Cette contribution scientifique a pour objectif d’analyser la corrélation entre le trafic illicite des drogues et stupéfiants et le développement du terrorisme en Côte d’Ivoire. La méthodologie comporte un guide d’entretien semi-structuré auprès des acteurs des systèmes sécuritaires de lutte contre le trafic illicite des stupéfiants et du terrorisme, les responsables administratifs, les leaders communautaires et religieux, les responsables d’organisations non gouvernementales nationales et internationales de promotion des droits humains et de prévention des conflits, les responsables d’organisations de jeunesses, vivant dans les villes deKorhogo, Ouangolodougou et Tengrela. Les résultats indiquent que le développement du terrorisme en Côte d’Ivoire est certes, lié à l’endémie du trafic illicite des drogues et stupéfiants, mais aussi, à la porosité des frontières et à la faiblesse du système sécuritaire, la pauvreté, le chômage, la récurrence des conflits communautaires et le phénomène de l’orpaillage clandestin qui sévissent dans ces zones frontalières.

Background: The action of sodium hypochlorite is to form an oxidative layer in radicular dentin. Antioxidant not only removes the oxygen species but also increase the bond strength of sealer. Aim: To compare and evaluate the push out bond strength of resin-based sealer to the radicular dentin treated with antioxidants and diode laser to decrease oxidizing effect of sodium hypochlorite. Methods: Sixty single rooted permanent teeth were selected and decoronated. All the teeth were prepared with ProTaper Universal rotary system up to F3 and canals were irrigated using 3 mL of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite during instrumentation. The canals were flushed with normal saline as a final irrigating solution. Then samples were treated with antioxidants and diode laser according to following group: Group I – Cocoa bean extract (CBE), Group II – 10% Sodium ascorbate, Group III – 1.5W Diode laser, Group IV – 5ml Saline. All samples were obturated with Gutta percha and AH Plus sealer. Samples were sectioned to obtaining disc thickness of 2mm. Push out bond strength was performed using universal testing machine. The data was analysed using one way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Results: Cocoa bean extract and Diode laser showed significantly higher bond strength values compared to control group (P < 0.05) even so, sodium ascorbate showed equivalent bond strength. Adhesive failures were predominant in all groups. Conclusion: cocoa bean extract as an herbal antioxidant can give better treatment outcome when treated with resin based sealer.

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise acerca da política de drogas adotada no Brasil e seus efeitos em diversos campos da sociedade, que a caracterizam como uma verdadeira guerra. Por meio de um apanhado histórico, verificou-se como essa ‘guerra às drogas’ surgiu, e como ela influenciou no aumento da violência, no encarceramento em massa, e na violação de direitos humanos. A metodologia de pesquisa foi quali-quantitativa, e sob uma perspectiva de direitos humanos, com levantamento de dados e análise de discursos. Tais resultados apontam o quanto os dispositivos proibicionistas são imprecisos, e dão margem a preconceitos sociais e racismo em sua aplicação, o que resultam em superlotação de pessoas selecionadas, nas penitenciárias. As drogas devem ser levadas apenas como um problema de saúde pública, que é o que elas são.

Background: In worldwide the obesity and overweight has been more than 1.9 billion in adults, 38 million in children under the age of 5 years, and over 340 million in children and adolescents aged 5-19 years. India is widely populated country with a population of 1.3 billion people spread into many states having wide economic and social disparities, health inequalities and distinct cultures. The study was conducted to assess the association of screen time usage with sleep pattern and obesity among school children during COVID-19 lockdown. Objectives: • To assess the screen time usage with sleep pattern among school children. • To assess the screen time usage with obesity among school children. • To associate the screen time usage with sleep pattern among school children. • To associate the sleep Pattern with obesity among school children. • To associate the sleep Pattern among school children with their selected demographic variables. Methods: In this study based on descriptive design using quantitative method to assess the association of screen time usage with sleep pattern and obesity among school children during COVID-19 lockdown by using purposive sampling technique. The data collection period was one week. Total sample size was 51 participants, school children. Samples were collected from selected area of Puducherry (Lawspet PHC). Result: In this study most of school children use the internet on daily basis is 51%, more than once a day 24% and once a day 25%. Majority of the school children 51% had inadequate sleep and 49% had moderate sleep pattern. This result can help to improve the sleep pattern and reduce screen time usage and obesity among school children. Conclusion: The present study reveal that school children have moderated and inadequate sleep pattern, majority of children spend on internet usage and gained overweight during COVID-19 lockdown. It is responsibility of the health care professional to create awareness on screen time usage, sleep pattern and obesity among school children during COVID-19 lockdown.

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a small subset of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. It can only be differentiated from the other subtypes by exclusion of extracutaneous involvement and correlation of the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features. This case presentation describes a 76 year-old man with an abdominal mass larger than 5 centimeters that was found to be primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Dynamic as the name suggests is a real-time navigation digital imaging. The innovative concept of Dynamic Navigation has an honest approach to induce a safe and reliable outcome in Minimally Invasive Endodontic procedures. It integrates instrumentation and radiologic images with the help of an optical positioning device controlled by an infatuated computerized interface. These features aids in reducing the prospect of unintentional iatrogenic damage to anatomic structures. In endodontics, it is employed for localization of calcified canals and perform flapless surgery, allows conservative and more accurate access opening, minimally invasive bone trephination for apicoectomy surgery, resulting in reduced patient postoperative discomfort and improved healing. Treatment planning and surgeries may be performed in the same appointment, supported data from patient’s cone-beam computerized axial tomography. This technology can be the foundational pillar of endodontics. Relevant literature published between 2004 and 2021 were collected from Pub Med database, Google scholar, and hand-searched journals of Endodontics and prosthodontics, which helped in writing of this review.

A study related to different formulations of vegetative cell of Pseudomonas fluorescence (Pseu-4) and Bacillus polymyxa (B.pol-15) together with challenge inoculation of pyricularia oryzae in the enhancement of IRS in Rice. Pyricularia oryzae disease patho systems was studied under pot culture with ADT-36. “It was observed that the application of (Pseu-4), (B.pol-15) as co-aggregates altered the biochemical and physiological parameters viz., reducing sugar and non-reducing sugars, Phenol content and defence mechanism by means of producing enzymes such as perocidase, polyphenol oxidase, (PPO) of rice plant to a significant level followed by co-inoculation and vegetative cell applications of PGPR”. When compare to that the co-aggregates of PGPR was found to augment all enzymes for the defence enzymes of rice plant, where as reduction and non-reducing sugar level also recorded, there by leads to reduction in Pyricularia oryzae incidence in rice grown of Tanjore regions of Tamil Nadu. EPS biosynthesis of PGPR cells during co-aggregation process might act as the defense mechanism of ISR, pathosystem, where as vegetative forms and co-inoculation processes does not produced of EPS and also responded poorly for the ISR pathosystem.

Smoking is an essential factor in coronary heart disease. In 2018, the total cost of coronary heart disease attributable to smoking at Cardiology B level in Rabat, Morocco was estimated at 2,446,402 MAD. Indirect costs accounted for 51% of total costs. More than 69% of direct medical costs are attributable to invasive treatment during hospitalization. The magnitude of the estimated cost highlights the urgent need for Morocco to implement comprehensive tobacco control measures to address these costs.

Media activism has been playing a significant role to bring forth several keys issues such as sexual abuse, rape, female feticide, communal riots, etc. in the recent past. Media deserves a fair share of appreciation for mirroring societal, cultural and political issues to the forefront of our society from time to time. Perhaps, in the absence of proactive media such issues may not have come to the cognizance of the public. However, there are instances of media over emphasizing less important issues or extending more publicity to trivial issues or ignoring verification of facts. The proposed chapter will focus on selected case studies to identify, understand and explain the significance, applicability and effect of different communication theories in respect to media activism. The chapter includes relevant and authentic secondary information available in public domain such as newspaper and magazine articles, blogs, social media posts, etc. The qualitative analysis technique incorporates 16 cases of media activism for discussion and result. The cases –Save Tigers (1973), Assam Movement (1979-1985), Sikh Riots (1984), Kargil War (1999) , Jessica Lal Murder (1999),Gujarat Riots (2002), Greenathon (2008), Anti-Corruption Movement by Anna Hazare(2011), Nirbhaya Movement (2012), Loksabha Elections (2014), #Selfie with daughter (2015), #Metoocampaign (2018, in India), Anti CAA-Protest (2019), #RightToBreathe (2020) ,SSR Case (2020) and Farmers Protest (2020) are included for the study. The outcome of the study is expected to throw some lights to comprehend the media strategies and techniques applied and the effect of dissemination of information on the targeted audience from the perspective of communication theories. The result of study may help to identify and understand the extent of the effectiveness of media to nourish the society.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard treatment for gallstone disease. Though mostly safe occasionally it can be difficult due to various problems faced during surgical procedure. Anticipation of likely difficulty can help in avoiding complications. Methods: With the aim of identifying various predictors of difficulty and their correlation with likely difficulty this prospective study on 50 adults undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis was undertaken. Various clinical, radiological and biochemical predictors and frequency and type of intraoperative difficulty was recorded. Results: In present study adverse clinical factors only showed significant predictive value (p value - 0.005). Adverse radiological predictors although showing trend towards, did not achieve statistical significance (p value 0.065). In clinical predictors duration of symptoms >1yr, History of acute cholecystitis and BMI >30 showed statistically significant association. Age >50yrs, Male gender, radiological predictors (Thickened gall bladder wall, small contracted gall bladder, Single large impacted stone) and deranged LFT did not show significant predictive value. Conclusions: Clinical predictors are most reliable factors. Use of good clinical judgement regarding possibility of and likely difficulty along with understanding of available resources is important in making decision in each case.