Sodium benzoate induced genotoxic effect and its amelioration by fenugreek (trigonella foenum graecum)seed extract in mice (mus musculus) sperm cells

The food preservatives play an important role in the food industry which increases the life of food and protecting them from spoiling cause by micro-organism. Several investigation have been found that the food preservatives have various health problems leading to liver, kidney, etc. damages, it has genetic effect also if consume long time. The present investigation is carried out to study the effect of food preservative (sodium benzoate) and its amelioration by fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graceum) seed extract in mice (Mus musculus) sperm morphology. Twenty four adult male mice with average weight 25-35 gm have been used. They have been divided into four groups (6 mice to each group).First group included control© with normal diet. The second group was treated with sodium benzoate at a concentration (1.125 mg/ml). The third group was treated with ameliorating agent fenugreek seed at a concentration (200 mg/kg) and the fourth concurrent (sodium benzoate + fenugreek) group with same concentration. After given the treatment of 35 days, the animals were sacrificed and samples were taken for the study of sperm head morphology. The result shows that the sperm abnormalities in sodium benzoate (E211) were significantly higher (11.08 %) than control (2.23%). The concurrent treatment of fenugreek seed extract with sodium benzoate (E211) has (2.28%) value. This value is highly significant then sodium benzoate treated group and almost equal to the control group. Different types of cytological abnormalities were observed in this investigation. The various abnormalities including pin-headed, funnel shaped, hook-less, club-headed, banana shaped, coiled tailed, double-headed, hammer shaped, spear shaped were observed.