Entry complications in minimal access surgery

A minimally invasive procedure has many advantages for the patients, health care system and society. Over the past 50 years, many techniques, technologies and guidelines have been introduced to eliminate the risks associated with laparoscopic entry. The laparoscopic entry techniques and technologies reviewed include the classic pneumoperitoneum (Veress/trocar), the open technique (Hasson), the direct trocar insertion, the use of disposable shielded trocars, radially expanding trocars and visual entry systems. It is an evidence based fact that minimal access surgery is superior to conventional open surgery. No single technique or instrument has been proved to eliminate laparoscopic entry associated injury. Proper evaluation, supported by surgical skills and good knowledge of the technology and instrumentation is the keystone to safe access and prevention of complications during laparoscopic surgery. We are reviewing the complications associated with laparoscopic surgery.