Evaluation of condylar-ramal morphology in different facial types in kashmir population

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare condular-ramal morphology in various vertical and sagittal facial types.The sample consisted of lateral cephalograms of 90 subjects in the age group of 15-25 years. Cephalometric tracings were done and various measurements taken. The Sample was differentiated into 3 classes using ANB angle, Wits appraisal and Beta angle.The sample was also differentiated into various vertical patterns on the basis of Jarabak’s ratio. Parameters depicting condylar- ramal morphology like mandibular arc angle, lower facial height angle, gonial angle, ramus height, ramus width and antegonial notch depth were measured. The recorded data was compiled and entered in a spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel) and then exported to data editor of SPSS Version 20.0 for analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in various condylar-ramal parameters in 3 sagittal malocclusions however the gonial angle was increased in Class III malocclusion probably consequent to the increased effective mandibular length. Ramus height was also significantly greater in Class III malocclusion when compared to the Class I and II groups. On comparing the vertical facial types, vertical growth pattern showed decreased ramus height and width, increased gonial angle, decreased mandibular arc angle, increased lower facial height angle and increased antegonial notch depth. Conclusion: The parameters used were more related to the facial patterns in the vertical dimension and less to the sagittal patterns. In the hyperdivergent pattern the mandible appears to have retained its infantile characteristics with different processes (condylar and ramal) appearing to be underdeveloped.