Evolution of Ochratoxin a, Fuminosin b1 and Zearalenone contents during maize (Zea mays L.) stored in clay granaries with use of Biopesticides from rural conditions and estimating of the daily intake in the Ivorian adult

The protective effect of three types of maize stored on the mycotoxins production during storage has been tested. These are the traditional granaries (control) and on the other hand traditional and improved granaries treated with leaves of Lippia multiflora and Hyptis suaveolens and then cover with polyethylene plastic. Maize stored as cobs and grains are preserved in natural atmosphere in these granaries during 8 months and the contents of moisture, water activity, ochratoxin A (OTA), fumunosin B1 (FB1) and zearalenone (ZEA) were studied and monitoring. Results showed presence of OTA, FB1 and ZEA respectively in 50%, 16.7% and 25% of samples, with rather higher levels than the reference values of the European Union. The levels of OTA, FB1 and ZEA resulted from both maize cobs and grains treated with biopesticides were significantly lower than those recorded with untreated maize of control granaries. For each stage, OTA, FB1 and ZEA levels of maize cobs and grains did not differ whether they are treated in traditional or improved granaries with both plant materials. The estimated daily intakes in OTA, FB1 and ZEA, deriving with consumption of maize stored for 6 months are respectively 13.10±0.40 ng/kg bw/day, 1167±15.05 ng/kg bw/day and 143.73±1.26 ng/kg bw/day from the untreated granaries and 2.00±0.35 ng/kg bw/day, 141±4.10 ng/kg bw/day, 20.0±0.43 ng/kg bw/day from the treated granaries. These levels are lower than the maximal Reference Value tolerated for Toxicity exposure set by the WHO except for OTA daily intake from the untreated granaries. Therefore, it’s necessary to sensitize, on a larger scale, actors of maize path, namely farmers, retailers, processers and consumers about such mycotoxins in maize products for providing health safety to Ivorian populations.