Microbiological profile of gram negative bacilli isolated from blood culture among hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital (Lab based study)

Introduction: Blood stream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality despite the availability of antimicrobial therapy. Bacteremia due to Gram negative bacilli is a significant problem in hospitalized patients and frequent cause of sepsis. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the distribution of Gram negative bacterial isolates and their antibiogram from blood cultures. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2014- June 2014 to identify the microbial profile in the blood culture isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Results: A total of 996 blood cultures were processed during the study period from which 317 Gram negative bacilli were isolated. Among the Gram negative bacteria, highest was Escherichia coli 101(32%) followed by Salmonella Typhi 73(23%), Klebsiella 48(15%), Salmonella Paratyphi A 25 (8%), Gram negative Non fermenter 42(13%), Pseudomonas species 16(5%), Enterobacter species 6(2%), Citrobacter species 3(1%), Aeromonas species 3 (1%). Antibiotic resistance pattern of the Non fermenters were totally (100% resistance) resistant to the all antibiotics ,the Salmonella species isolated in our study were all susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. The maximum resistance in Escherichia coli was to the Aminoglycoside group of antibiotics while Klebsiella showed maximum resistance to Cephalosporins. Conclusion: Early and appropriate identification and treatment of gram negative sepsis is necessary for reducing the mortality and morbidity among the hospitalized patients.