Mitral valve annular disjunction – a compilation of information in a mini review

Background: Mitral valve annulus disjunction is a structural anomaly characterized by excessive displacement of the mitral annulus in relation to the left ventricular myocardium. This condition can lead to mitral valve dysfunction, predisposing to mitral regurgitation and increasing the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Clinically, patients may be asymptomatic or present symptoms such as palpitations, dyspnea, and fatigue. In more severe cases, there may be heart failure and an increased risk of sudden death. Diagnosis is made by echocardiography, especially with Doppler and advanced techniques such as three-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment varies according to the severity of the disjunction and the presence of significant mitral regurgitation. Mild cases can be followed clinically, while severe cases may require surgical mitral valve repair or replacement. Objective: The objective of this mini narrative review is to highlight that early recognition of mitral valve annulus disjunction is essential to avoid complications and improve patient prognosis. Conclusion: Mitral valve annular disjunction, in combination with mitral regurgitation, is a condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly if not diagnosed early or treated appropriately. Appropriate management, which may involve medication, regular monitoring and, in severe cases, surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve, is essential to improve the prognosis and reduce the risks associated with the condition. Early detection and effective treatment can improve the patient's quality of life and reduce mortality related to mitral regurgitation.