Physiotherapy methods for spinal cord injuries emphasizing social integration and participation: a systematic review

SCI has a profound impact on physical, emotional, and social functioning, and rehabilitation should cover all these dimensions. In this systematic review, the review of physiotherapy techniques, including motor function restoration and neuroplasticity-based interventions, and cardiorespiratory physiotherapy, in enhancing recovery with social integration of patients after SCI, is done. Techniques such as strength training, gait training, functional electrical stimulation (FES), and robotics-assisted therapies are those which bring about significant mobility and independence improvements and can boost psychological resilience. The review also focuses attention on social integration and participation in rehabilitation, discussing important barriers that include accessibility issues, stigma in society, and emotional challenges. The holistic management approach is emphasized through case studies and multi-disciplinary approaches, including contributions from occupational therapists, psychologists, and social workers. Assistive technologies and adaptive sports programs augment quality of life by promoting independence and community participation. Conclusions should be made to focus on patient-centered approaches that merge physical recovery with social inclusion to mean a man's living a fulfilled, active life with SCI.