Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. Ecological Impact and Control in Ethiopia

Biodiversity is one of the key factors which make the planet Earth unique. Unfortunately, there are several threats to these resources. Invasive Alien Species (IAS), next to habitat destruction has been a major cause of extinction of native species. Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC known as Mesquites elsewhere and in Ethiopia it is called ‘Weyane/Dergi-Hara’ and ‘Biscuit’ around Afar and Diredawa respectively. Its first introduction is believed to be in late 1970s at Goro nursery, Dire-Dawa, possibly from India. Even though, the plant has several uses, it becomes out of control and threatens biodiversity of the lowlands of Oromia, Somalia, Tigray, Amhara, Afar and South Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) Regional States of Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, it has invaded more than 70,000 ha of land. Knowing the physiological background for its hardiness; then by, to find a weak-link in its power of endurance is essential to develop an effective, low cost, environmentally sound and sustainable control measures. Several control measures such as mechanical control, chemical control, prescribed burning and others has been implemented. Considering the potential uses of the plant such as; Medicinal values, charcoal and furniture from its high-quality timber; controlling the plant by its utilization is the best measures and it is better to be conducted in integrated way with the active participation of the local community.