Sources of greenhouse gases emission and their impact on crop production: mitigation strategies for changed climatic scenario

Climatic variability and changes in the last decade is the great threat to the sustainability in food grain production in India. In spite of technological advances, weather and climate are playing vital role in Indian agriculture. Change in climate is mainly a result of increased production of CO2, methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone, water vapors, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which resulted in increase in atmospheric temperature, disturbance in quantity and distribution of rainfall, melting of glaciers, rise in sea level etc. The change in climate of the world has mainly brought out by rapid industrialization, deforestation, increased agricultural operations, combustion of fossil fuels, increased number of vehicles, etc. and the driving force behind these factors is ever increasing human population requiring more food and space to live. It is resulted in global warming. This is happened due to the increase in concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere, and leads to a phenomenon widely known as ‘Greenhouse Effect’. Elevated temperature, CO2, rainfall and drought, flooding and storm affect the agriculture.