The multifaceted cameo of bio-markers in orthodontic tooth movement – an overview

Orthodontic tooth movement necessitates a considerable amount of periodontal tissue remodelling. During orthodontic therapy, teeth are moved via the processes of osteoclast bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Hormones, cytokines, growth factors and elements of the bone matrix are some of the significant elements that are involved in the process of osteo-clastogenesis. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) has been revealed to include the biomarkers responsible for both bone remodelling and alveolar degradation. As a result, research has indicated that GCF may be a good indicator of the immunological and inflammatory responses brought on by both periodontitis and the use of orthodontic treatment. Examination of GCF is a reliable way to show the biochemical alterations that takes place during orthodontic tooth movement. Damage to the periodontal tissues during the course of orthodontic therapy, leads a variety of physiologically active substances which represent bone deposition and breakdown processes. For the current narrative review, a bibliographic search was done in PubMed and other databases for English articles that were published since last decade. Clinically relevant knowledge of the biomarkers of GCF enables better mechanical force selection for better orthodontic therapy with fewer side effects and shorter treatment periods. The main aim of the present narrative review is to provide a better understanding of the underlying bio-mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement which are accomplished by various markers