Emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence & stress management: a comprehensive literature review

While the prevailing belief suggests that individuals with a high Intelligence Quotient (IQ) tend to excel in life, emerging research suggests that success may be more accurately predicted by factors such as Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Spiritual Intelligence (SI), as indicated by studies like those conducted by Goleman in 1995. Emotional intelligence is the capacity to comprehend, discern, and effectively apply knowledge, authority, information, and expertise regarding emotions within the human resources context. Whereas, Spiritual intelligence represents an elevated facet of intelligence that unleashes the qualities and capacities inherent in the authentic self, often referred to as the soul. These attributes encompass wisdom, compassion, integrity, joy, love, creativity, and peace. The cultivation of spiritual intelligence yields a profound sense of meaning and purpose, accompanied by enhancements in various crucial life and work skills. Furthermore, work-related stress permeates every level of an organization, impacting employees across the board. Stress emerges when workers face pressure while performing their duties or encounter obstacles that hinder their ability to fulfil their responsibilities. This study performed an in-depth analysis of previous research to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and their influence on work-related stress. The analysis encompassed a sample of 27 published articles from 2009 to 2023. The results of this study indicate that both emotional intelligence (EI) and spiritual intelligence (SI) are linked to reduced levels of work-related stress and improved health outcomes. Their positive influence extends to psychological and physical well-being, contributing significantly to organizational effectiveness.